Operators¶

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators −

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Boolean Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Compound Operators

Arithmetic Operators¶

Operator name	Operator simple	Description	Example
assignment operator	=	Stores the value to the right of the equal sign in the variable to the left of the equal sign.	A = B
addition	+	Adds two operands	A + B will give 30
subtraction	-	Subtracts second operand from the first	A - B will give -10
multiplication	*	Multiply both operands	A * B will give 200
division	/	Divide numerator by denominator	B / A will give 2
modulo	%	Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division	B % A will give 0

Example¶

void loop () {
   int a = 9,b = 4,c;
   c = a + b;
   c = a - b;
   c = a * b;
   c = a / b;
   c = a % b;
}

Result¶

a + b = 13
a - b = 5
a * b = 36
a / b = 2
Remainder when a divided by b = 1

Comparison Operators¶

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then

Operator name	Operator simple	Description	Example
equal to	==	Checks if the value of two operands is equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A == B) is not true
not equal to	!=	Checks if the value of two operands is equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.	(A != B) is true
less than	<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A < B) is true
greater than	>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A > B) is not true
less than or equal to	<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A <= B) is true
greater than or equal to	>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A >= B) is not true

Example¶

void loop () { 
   int a = 9,b = 4
   bool c = false;
   if(a == b)
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if(a != b)
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if(a < b)
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if(a > b)
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if(a <= b)
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if(a >= b)
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;
}

Result¶

c = false
c = true
c = false
c = true
c = false
c = false

Boolean Operators¶

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −

Operator name	Operator simple	Description	Example
and	&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero then then condition becomes true.	(A && B) is true
or	||	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero then then condition becomes true.	(A || B) is true
not	!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.	!(A && B) is false

Example¶

void loop () {
   int a = 9,b = 4
   bool c = false;
   if((a > b)&& (b < a))
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if((a == b)|| (b < a))
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;

   if( !(a == b)&& (b < a))
      c = true;
   else
      c = false;
}

Result¶

c = true
c = true
c = true

Bitwise Operators¶

Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then −

Operator name	Operator simple	Description	Example
and	&	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.	(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
or	|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand	(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
xor	^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
not	~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.	(~A ) will give -60 which is 1100 0011
shift left	<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
shift right	>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

Example¶

void loop () {
   int a = 10,b = 20
   int c = 0;
   c = a & b ;
   c = a | b ;
   c = a ^ b ;
   c = a ~ b ;
   c = a << b ;
   c = a >> b ; 
}

Result¶

c = 12
c = 61
c = 49
c = -60
c = 240
c = 15

Compound Operators¶

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −

Operator name	Operator simple	Description	Example
increment	++	Increment operator, increases integer value by one	A++ will give 11
decrement	--	Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one	A-- will give 9
compound addition	+=	Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand	B += A is equivalent to B = B+ A
compound subtraction	-=	Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand	B -= A is equivalent to B = B - A
compound multiplication	*=	Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand	B= A is equivalent to B = B A
compound division	/=	Divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	B /= A is equivalent to B = B / A
compound modulo	%=	Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand	B %= A is equivalent to B = B % A
compound bitwise or	|=	bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator	A |= 2 is same as A = A | 2
compound bitwise and	&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator	A &= 2 is same as A = A & 2

Example¶

void loop () {
   int a = 10,b = 20
   int c = 0;

   a++;
   a--;
   b += a;
   b -= a;
   b *= a;
   b /= a;
   a %= b;
   a |= b;
   a &= b;
}

Result¶

a = 11
a = 9
b = 30
b = 10
b = 200
b = 2
a = 0
a = 0
a = 30

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